Cod Liver Oil for Kids Benefits, Dosage, and Safety

Introduction

Cod liver oil for kids is a popular nutritional supplement derived from the liver of codfish. It contains essential nutrients such as vitamin D and omega-3 fats, which are important for the healthy growth and development of children. While a well-balanced diet can provide most children with these nutrients, there are certain cases where dietary supplementation may be necessary. It is important to consult a pediatrician to determine if cod liver oil is appropriate for your child and to determine the correct brand and dosage. In this article, we will explore the potential health benefits of cod liver oil for children and discuss any possible side effects.

What is Cod Liver Oil?

Cod liver oil is extracted from the liver of codfish. Cod is a type of fish that belongs to the genus Gadus and is a rich source of nutrients such as vitamins A and D, as well as omega-3 fatty acids, specifically EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) (1).

There are two main types of cod liver oil:

1. Regular cod liver oil: This type of oil is extracted, processed, and refined at high temperatures. It is then supplemented with synthetic vitamins before being made available as a dietary supplement.

2. Fermented cod liver oil: Fermented cod liver oil is extracted without the use of heat and is fermented for a period of 6-12 months. It is considered a natural product and can be consumed as food.

Cod liver oil is available in both oil and capsule forms. Both forms contain approximately 10% EPA and 10% DHA (2), making them a healthy and valuable addition to a child’s diet. But is it safe for children to consume?

Is It Safe To Give Cod Liver Oil To Kids?

Cod liver oil is generally safe for children when taken orally and in the appropriate amounts (4). It can also be used topically to treat wounds, burns, and rashes.

There is no recommended dosage of cod liver oil for children, so it is best to consult with a doctor before giving it to them. Doctors typically prescribe cod liver oil for children only if they believe that supplementation is necessary.

Nutritional Value of Cod Liver Oil

The table below shows the nutritional value of cod liver oil per 100g (5):

| Nutrient | Nutritional Value |
|—————————|——————-|
| Energy | 902 kcal |
| Vitamin A, RAE | 30000µg |
| Retinol | 30000µg |
| Vitamin A, IU | 100000 IU |
| Vitamin D (D2 + D3) | 250µg |
| Vitamin D | 10000 IU |
| Fatty acids, total saturated | 22.608g |
| Fatty acids, total monounsaturated | 46.711g |
| Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated | 22.541g |
| Cholesterol | 570mg |

When taken as directed by a physician, cod liver oil can provide several benefits for children.

What Are The Potential Benefits Of Cod Liver Oil For Kids?

Cod liver oil offers several potential benefits for children, including:

1. Vitamin D helps prevent rickets: Rickets is a condition that affects the bones and joints due to a deficiency of vitamin D in children. Symptoms include bowed legs, a protruding breastbone, and thick wrists and ankles. A teaspoon of cod liver oil provides the recommended daily intake of 400IU of vitamin D, which can help prevent vitamin D deficiency (6).

2. Might prevent upper respiratory illness: Research suggests that the intake of cod liver oil can decrease the frequency of upper respiratory diseases, which are more common during winter and spring (7).

3. Reduces ear infections: When combined with a multivitamin supplement, cod liver oil may help reduce the occurrence of ear infections in children. It may also be beneficial for managing allergic rhinitis and ocular disease (8) (3).

4. Vitamin A is good for eyesight: Vitamin A, found in cod liver oil, is important for maintaining eyesight and night vision as well as fighting infections. Approximately 6.8 percent of children under 18 in the United States have a diagnosed eye and vision condition, and cod liver oil may offer potential benefits (9).

5. Omega-3 might help ADHD symptoms: Omega-3 fatty acids present in cod liver oil may help reduce the symptoms of ADHD in children aged seven to 12 years by acting on brain receptors (10).

6. Lower risk of type-1 diabetes: A study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2003 suggests that intake of cod liver oil during the first year of life may help lower the risk of type-1 diabetes (11).

While cod liver oil offers potential benefits, it is important to be aware of any possible side effects.

What Are The Side Effects Of Cod Liver Oil?

The side effects of cod liver oil are generally mild and usually resolve on their own. Some common side effects include:

• Bad breath
• Heartburn
• Fishy-smelling burps
• Loose stools
• Nausea

Severe reactions may occur if a child is allergic to seafood or if the dosage is inappropriate. It is important to consult a doctor before starting cod liver oil supplements for your child.

Children who are sensitive to cod liver oil may experience:

• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Urticaria (hives) – a condition characterized by inflamed, itchy rashes on the skin
• A combination of the above symptoms

Children with eczema (a common skin condition characterized by itchy, red, and dry skin) and asthma may experience worsened symptoms. Additionally, an overdose of vitamins A and D can have adverse effects on children.

An excessive dose of vitamin A (> 1500μg/day) can increase the risk of bone fractures (15).

An overdose of vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia (build-up of calcium in the blood), which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, weakness, frequent urination, bone pain, and kidney problems. It can also result in bone loss and fractures (16).

While cod liver oil has a distinct smell and taste that children may find unappealing, there are ways to make it more palatable.

How To Make Your Child Take Cod Liver Oil?

Cod liver oil has a fishy smell and taste that can make it difficult for children to consume. Here are some tips to make it easier for them:

• Try cod liver oil supplements in the form of chewable tablets.
• Look for flavored brands of fermented cod liver oil, as the flavor can mask the fishy smell and taste.
• Mix it into your child’s favorite foods, smoothies, or acidic juices made with lemon or grapefruit.
• Blend it with honey or sugar syrup.

It is important not to force children to take cod liver oil if they find it unpleasant, as they may vomit or choke. If any side effects occur, consult a doctor immediately.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. At what age can a baby take cod liver oil? Babies can start taking cod liver oil at seven months of age, but it is important to consult a doctor before introducing it to them (17).
2. What dosage of cod liver oil is suitable for children? Infants and toddlers aged seven to 24 months need 100mg of DHA per day, while children over two years need 250mg of EPA/DHA per day, according to the European Food Safety Authority (17).
3. Is cod liver oil better than fish oil? Both cod liver oil and fish oil have their own health benefits. Cod liver oil is a good source of vitamins A and D, while fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. The choice between the two depends on the specific nutritional needs and preferences of the child (4) (18).
4. Can cod liver oil interact with any medications children may take? Cod liver oil may interact with certain medications such as those for diabetes, hypertension, and anticoagulation. It is important to consult a doctor before giving cod liver oil to children to avoid any potential adverse effects (4).
5. How can parents ensure their child gets high-quality cod liver oil? Parents should choose a reputable brand that has been tested for purity and efficacy to ensure that their child is consuming high-quality cod liver oil.
6. Is there a difference in the benefits of cod liver oil for infants versus older children? The potential benefits of cod liver oil may be similar for both infants and older children, but the dosage and specific concerns may differ. It is important to consult a healthcare professional to determine age-appropriate consumption methods and dosages.

Conclusion

Cod liver oil is a dietary supplement that should only be given to children in cases of deficiency. It is rich in healthy fats, vitamins A and D, and omega-3 fatty acids. When taken in appropriate amounts, cod liver oil can help prevent rickets, reduce the risk of infections, manage ADHD symptoms, and improve eyesight. However, excessive intake can cause side effects such as nausea, loose stools, and heartburn. It is important to administer cod liver oil to children in the recommended quantities and consult a pediatrician before starting supplementation.